f730088bb
Eric Andersen
2004-04-06
Subject
Eliminate all trace of the sgml based docs. It was a noble effort, but it just never worked out...
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Makefile+3 -33
| @@ -67,10 +67,7 @@ install-hardlinks: applets/install.sh busybox busybox.links | |
| # Documentation Targets | |
| - | doc: olddoc |
| - | |
| - | # Old Docs... |
| - | olddoc: docs/busybox.pod docs/BusyBox.txt docs/BusyBox.1 docs/BusyBox.html |
| + | doc: docs/busybox.pod docs/BusyBox.txt docs/BusyBox.1 docs/BusyBox.html |
| docs/busybox.pod : docs/busybox_header.pod include/usage.h docs/busybox_footer.pod | |
| - ( cat docs/busybox_header.pod; \ | |
| @@ -100,33 +97,6 @@ docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html: docs/busybox.pod | |
| docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html | |
| -@ rm -f pod2htm* | |
| - | |
| - | # New docs based on DOCBOOK SGML |
| - | newdoc: docs/busybox.txt docs/busybox.pdf docs/busybox/busyboxdocumentation.html |
| - | |
| - | docs/busybox.txt: docs/busybox.sgml |
| - | @echo |
| - | @echo BusyBox Documentation |
| - | @echo |
| - | - mkdir -p docs |
| - | (cd docs; sgmltools -b txt busybox.sgml) |
| - | |
| - | docs/busybox.dvi: docs/busybox.sgml |
| - | - mkdir -p docs |
| - | (cd docs; sgmltools -b dvi busybox.sgml) |
| - | |
| - | docs/busybox.ps: docs/busybox.sgml |
| - | - mkdir -p docs |
| - | (cd docs; sgmltools -b ps busybox.sgml) |
| - | |
| - | docs/busybox.pdf: docs/busybox.ps |
| - | - mkdir -p docs |
| - | (cd docs; ps2pdf busybox.ps) |
| - | |
| - | docs/busybox/busyboxdocumentation.html: docs/busybox.sgml |
| - | - mkdir -p docs |
| - | (cd docs/busybox.net; sgmltools -b html ../busybox.sgml) |
| - | |
| # The nifty new buildsystem stuff | |
| scripts/mkdep: scripts/mkdep.c | |
| $(HOSTCC) $(HOSTCFLAGS) -o scripts/mkdep scripts/mkdep.c | |
| @@ -217,8 +187,8 @@ check: busybox | |
| clean: | |
| - $(MAKE) -C tests clean | |
| - | - rm -f docs/busybox.txt docs/busybox.dvi docs/busybox.ps \ |
| - | docs/busybox.pdf docs/busybox.pod docs/busybox.net/busybox.html \ |
| + | - rm -f docs/busybox.dvi docs/busybox.ps \ |
| + | docs/busybox.pod docs/busybox.net/busybox.html \ |
| docs/busybox pod2htm* *.gdb *.elf *~ core .*config.log \ | |
| docs/BusyBox.txt docs/BusyBox.1 docs/BusyBox.html \ | |
| docs/busybox.net/BusyBox.html busybox.links libbb/loop.h \ | |
docs/autodocifier.pl+9 -30
| @@ -94,17 +94,6 @@ sub pod_for_usage { | |
| ; | |
| } | |
| - | # FIXME | generate SGML for an applet |
| - | sub sgml_for_usage { |
| - | my $name = shift; |
| - | my $usage = shift; |
| - | return |
| - | "<fixme>\n". |
| - | " $name\n". |
| - | "</fixme>\n" |
| - | ; |
| - | } |
| - | |
| # the keys are applet names, and | |
| # the values will contain hashrefs of the form: | |
| # | |
| @@ -124,7 +113,6 @@ my %opt; | |
| GetOptions( | |
| \%opt, | |
| "help|h", | |
| - | "sgml|s", |
| "pod|p", | |
| "verbose|v", | |
| ); | |
| @@ -133,7 +121,6 @@ if (defined $opt{help}) { | |
| "$0 [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n", | |
| "\t--help\n", | |
| - | "\t--sgml\n", |
| "\t--pod\n", | |
| "\t--verbose\n", | |
| ; | |
| @@ -163,10 +150,6 @@ foreach (@ARGV) { | |
| # generate structured documentation | |
| my $generator = \&pod_for_usage; | |
| - | if (defined $opt{sgml}) { |
| - | $generator = \&sgml_for_usage; |
| - | } |
| - | |
| foreach my $applet (sort keys %docs) { | |
| print $generator->($applet, $docs{$applet}); | |
| } | |
| @@ -191,18 +174,18 @@ Example: | |
| =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
| - | The purpose of this script is to automagically generate documentation |
| - | for busybox using its usage.h as the original source for content. |
| - | It used to be that same content has to be duplicated in 3 places in |
| - | slightly different formats -- F<usage.h>, F<docs/busybox.pod>, and |
| - | F<docs/busybox.sgml>. This was tedious and error-prone, so it was |
| + | The purpose of this script is to automagically generate |
| + | documentation for busybox using its usage.h as the original source |
| + | for content. It used to be that same content has to be duplicated |
| + | in 3 places in slightly different formats -- F<usage.h>, |
| + | F<docs/busybox.pod>. This was tedious and error-prone, so it was |
| decided that F<usage.h> would contain all the text in a | |
| machine-readable form, and scripts could be used to transform this | |
| text into other forms if necessary. | |
| - | F<autodocifier.pl> is one such script. |
| - | It was based on a script by Erik Andersen <[email protected]> |
| - | which was in turn based on a script by Mark Whitley <[email protected]> |
| + | F<autodocifier.pl> is one such script. It is based on a script by |
| + | Erik Andersen <[email protected]> which was in turn based on a |
| + | script by Mark Whitley <[email protected]> |
| =head1 OPTIONS | |
| @@ -216,10 +199,6 @@ This displays the help message. | |
| Generate POD (this is the default) | |
| - | =item B<--sgml> |
| - | |
| - | Generate SGML |
| - | |
| =item B<--verbose> | |
| Be verbose (not implemented) | |
| @@ -292,4 +271,4 @@ John BEPPU <[email protected]> | |
| =cut | |
| - | # $Id: autodocifier.pl,v 1.25 2004/03/13 08:32:14 andersen Exp $ |
| + | # $Id: autodocifier.pl,v 1.26 2004/04/06 15:26:25 andersen Exp $ |
docs/busybox.sgml+0 -4027
| @@ -1,4027 +0,0 @@ | |
| - | <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" [ ]> |
| - | <book id="BusyBoxDocumentation"> |
| - | <bookinfo> |
| - | <title>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</title> |
| - | |
| - | <legalnotice> |
| - | <para> |
| - | This documentation is free software; you can redistribute |
| - | it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public |
| - | License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either |
| - | version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later |
| - | version. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be |
| - | useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied |
| - | warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. |
| - | See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public |
| - | License along with this program; if not, write to the Free |
| - | Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, |
| - | MA 02111-1307 USA |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | For more details see the file COPYING in the source |
| - | distribution of Linux. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </legalnotice> |
| - | </bookinfo> |
| - | |
| - | <toc></toc> |
| - | <chapter id="Introduction"> |
| - | <title>Introduction</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single |
| - | small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the |
| - | utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, |
| - | grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment |
| - | for any small or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have |
| - | fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options |
| - | that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much |
| - | like their GNU counterparts. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in |
| - | mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude |
| - | commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize |
| - | your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a |
| - | shell (such as ash), and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae). |
| - | </para> |
| - | </chapter> |
| - | |
| - | <chapter id="Syntax"> |
| - | <title>How to use BusyBox</title> |
| - | <sect1 id="How-to-use-BusyBox"> |
| - | <title>Syntax</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | <function> [arguments...] # if symlinked |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="Invoking-BusyBox"> |
| - | <title>Invoking BusyBox</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when |
| - | BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself |
| - | has been invoked. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | For example, entering |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | ln -s ./BusyBox ls |
| - | ./ls |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled |
| - | into BusyBox). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the |
| - | command line. For example, entering |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | ./BusyBox ls |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="Common-options"> |
| - | <title>Common options</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Most BusyBox commands support the <emphasis>--help</emphasis> option to provide |
| - | a terse runtime description of their behavior. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | </chapter> |
| - | |
| - | <chapter id="Commands"> |
| - | <title>BusyBox Commands</title> |
| - | <sect1 id="Available-BusyBox-Commands"> |
| - | <title>Available BusyBox Commands</title> |
| - | <para> |
| - | Currently defined functions include: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arping, ash, awk, basename, |
| - | bunzip2, busybox, bzcat, cal, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, |
| - | chvt, clear, cmp, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cut, date, dc, dd, |
| - | deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg, |
| - | dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, dutmp, echo, egrep, env, expr, |
| - | false, fbset, fdflush, fdformat, fgrep, find, fold, free, freeramdisk, |
| - | fsck.minix, ftpget, ftpput, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, |
| - | halt, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, |
| - | id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, ip, ipcalc, iplink, |
| - | iproute, iptunnel, kill, killall, klogd, lash, length, linuxrc, |
| - | ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, |
| - | losetup, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum, mesg, minit, mkdir, mkfifo, |
| - | mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, msh, |
| - | msvc, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nslookup, od, openvt, passwd, |
| - | patch, pidfilehack, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, |
| - | printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, reboot, renice, reset, |
| - | rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, run-parts, sed, setkeycodes, |
| - | sha1sum, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, strings, stty, su, sulogin, |
| - | swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, telnetd, |
| - | test, tftp, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, udhcpc, |
| - | udhcpd, umount, uname, uncompress, uniq, unix2dos, unzip, |
| - | uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, watch, |
| - | watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, [ |
| - | |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="ar"> |
| - | <title>ar</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: ar [OPTION] archive [FILENAME]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Extract or list files from an ar archive. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | o Preserve original dates |
| - | p Extract to stdout |
| - | t List |
| - | x Extract |
| - | v Verbosely list files processed |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="basename"> |
| - | <title>basename</title> |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: basename FILE [SUFFIX] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Strip directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes |
| - | any trailing SUFFIX. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo |
| - | foo |
| - | $ basename /usr/local/bin/ |
| - | bin |
| - | $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt |
| - | bar |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="cat"> |
| - | <title>cat</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: cat [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Concatenate <literal>FILE(s)</literal> and prints them to the standard |
| - | output. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ cat /proc/uptime |
| - | 110716.72 17.67 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="chgrp"> |
| - | <title>chgrp</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -R Change files and directories recursively |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo |
| - | $ chgrp root /tmp/foo |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="chmod"> |
| - | <title>chmod</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: chmod [<emphasis>-R</emphasis>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Change file access permissions for the specified |
| - | <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories). Each MODE is defined by |
| - | combining the letters for WHO has access to the file, an OPERATOR for |
| - | selecting how the permissions should be changed, and a PERMISSION for |
| - | <literal>FILE(s)</literal> (or directories). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | WHO may be chosen from |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | u User who owns the file |
| - | g Users in the file's Group |
| - | o Other users not in the file's group |
| - | a All users |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | OPERATOR may be chosen from |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | + Add a permission |
| - | - Remove a permission |
| - | = Assign a permission |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | PERMISSION may be chosen from |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | r Read |
| - | w Write |
| - | x Execute (or access for directories) |
| - | s Set user (or group) ID bit |
| - | t Sticky bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three |
| - | numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | 4 Read |
| - | 2 Write |
| - | 1 Execute |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | 4 Set user ID |
| - | 2 Set group ID |
| - | 1 Sticky bit |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -R Change files and directories recursively. |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo |
| - | $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo* |
| - | $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="chown"> |
| - | <title>chown</title> |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP] FILE... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -R Change files and directories recursively |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo |
| - | $ chown root /tmp/foo |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo |
| - | $ chown root.root /tmp/foo |
| - | ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="chroot"> |
| - | <title>chroot</title> |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls -l /bin/ls |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox |
| - | $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix |
| - | $ chroot /mnt |
| - | $ ls -l /bin/ls |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls* |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="chvt"> |
| - | <title>chvt</title> |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: chvt N |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="clear"> |
| - | <title>clear</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: clear |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Clear the screen. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="cp"> |
| - | <title>cp</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple <literal>SOURCE(s)</literal> to |
| - | DIRECTORY. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Same as -dpR |
| - | -d Preserve links |
| - | -p Preserve file attributes if possible |
| - | -R Copy directories recursively |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="cut"> |
| - | <title>cut</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: cut [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST |
| - | -c LIST Output only characters from LIST |
| - | -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter |
| - | -s Output only the lines containing delimiter |
| - | -f N Print only these fields |
| - | -n Ignored |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' ' |
| - | Hello |
| - | $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' ' |
| - | world |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="date"> |
| - | <title>date</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | or: date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string |
| - | -s Set time described by STRING |
| - | -u Print or set Coordinated Universal Time |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ date |
| - | Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dc"> |
| - | <title>dc</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dc [EXPRESSION] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the |
| - | following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor. If |
| - | no arguments are given, dc will process input from |
| - | stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | The behaviour of BusyBox/dc deviates (just a little ;-) |
| - | from GNU/dc, but this will be remedied in the future. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ dc 2 2 + |
| - | 4 |
| - | $ dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + / |
| - | 16 |
| - | $ dc 0 1 and |
| - | 0 |
| - | $ dc 0 1 or |
| - | 1 |
| - | $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc |
| - | 64 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dd"> |
| - | <title>dd</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dd [OPTION]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Copy a file, converting and formatting according to |
| - | options. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin |
| - | of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout |
| - | bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time |
| - | count=N Copy only N input blocks |
| - | skip=N Skip N input blocks |
| - | seek=N Skip N output blocks |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), |
| - | or M (x1024^2). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4 |
| - | 4+0 records in |
| - | 4+0 records out |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="deallocvt"> |
| - | <title>deallocvt</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: deallocvt N |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="df"> |
| - | <title>df</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: df [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print the filesystem space used and space available. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ df |
| - | Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on |
| - | /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / |
| - | /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot |
| - | $ df /dev/sda3 |
| - | Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on |
| - | /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dirname"> |
| - | <title>dirname</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dirname NAME |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Strip non-directory suffix from NAME. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ dirname /tmp/foo |
| - | /tmp |
| - | $ dirname /tmp/foo/ |
| - | /tmp |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dmesg"> |
| - | <title>dmesg</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dmesg [OPTION]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print or control the kernel ring buffer. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Clear the ring buffer after printing |
| - | -n LEVEL Set the console logging level to LEVEL |
| - | -s BUFSIZE Query ring buffer using a buffer of BUFSIZE |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dos2unix"> |
| - | <title>dos2unix</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dos2unix < dosfile > unixfile |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Converts a text file from dos format to unix format. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dpkg-deb"> |
| - | <title>dpkg-deb</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dpkg-deb [OPTION] archive [directory] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c List the contents of the filesystem tree archive portion of the package |
| - | -e Extracts the control information files from a package archive into the specified directory. |
| - | If no directory is specified then a subdirectory DEBIAN in the current directory is used. |
| - | -x Silently extracts the filesystem tree from a package archive into the specified directory. |
| - | -X Extracts the filesystem tree from a package archive into the specified directory, listing the files as it goes. |
| - | If required the specified directory (but not its parents) will be created. |
| - | </screen> |
| - | <para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | dpkg-deb -e ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb |
| - | dpkg-deb -x ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb ./unpack_dir |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="du"> |
| - | <title>du</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Summarize the disk space used for each FILE or current |
| - | directory. Disk space printed in units of 1k (i.e., |
| - | 1024 bytes). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -l Count sizes many times if hard linked |
| - | -s Display only a total for each argument |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ du |
| - | 16 ./CVS |
| - | 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS |
| - | 80 ./kernel-patches |
| - | 12 ./tests/CVS |
| - | 36 ./tests |
| - | 12 ./scripts/CVS |
| - | 16 ./scripts |
| - | 12 ./docs/CVS |
| - | 104 ./docs |
| - | 2417 . |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dumpkmap"> |
| - | <title>dumpkmap</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dumpkmap |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ dumpkmap < keymap |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="dutmp"> |
| - | <title>dutmp</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: dutmp [FILE] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or |
| - | stdin to stdout. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ dutmp /var/run/utmp |
| - | 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0 |
| - | 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0 |
| - | 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0 |
| - | 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0 |
| - | 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0 |
| - | 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0 |
| - | 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="echo"> |
| - | <title>echo</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: echo [OPTION]... [ARG]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print ARGs to stdout. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -n Suppress trailing newline |
| - | -e Enable interpretation of escaped characters |
| - | -E Disable interpretation of escaped characters |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ echo "Erik is cool" |
| - | Erik is cool |
| - | $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool" |
| - | Erik |
| - | is |
| - | cool |
| - | $ echo "Erik\nis\ncool" |
| - | Erik\nis\ncool |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="expr"> |
| - | <title>expr</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: expr EXPRESSION |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | EXPRESSION may be: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 |
| - | ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2 |
| - | ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2 |
| - | STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING |
| - | match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP |
| - | substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 |
| - | index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 |
| - | length STRING length of STRING |
| - | quote TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a |
| - | keyword like `match' or an operator like `/' |
| - | ( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. |
| - | Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else |
| - | lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between |
| - | \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number |
| - | of characters matched or 0. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="false"> |
| - | <title>false</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: false |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Return an exit code of FALSE (1). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ false |
| - | $ echo $? |
| - | 1 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="fbset"> |
| - | <title>fbset</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: fbset [OPTION]... [MODE] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Show and modify frame buffer device settings. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -h Display option summary |
| - | -fb DEVICE Operate on DEVICE |
| - | -db FILE Use FILE for mode database |
| - | -g XRES YRES VXRES VYRES DEPTH Set all geometry parameters |
| - | -t PIXCLOCK LEFT RIGHT UPPER LOWER HSLEN VSLEN Set all timing parameters |
| - | -xres RES Set visible horizontal resolution |
| - | -yres RES Set visible vertical resolution |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ fbset |
| - | mode "1024x768-76" |
| - | # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz |
| - | geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16 |
| - | timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4 |
| - | accel false |
| - | rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0 |
| - | endmode |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="fdflush"> |
| - | <title>fdflush</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: fdflush DEVICE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change on DEVICE. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="find"> |
| - | <title>find</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: find [PATH]... [EXPRESSION] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default |
| - | PATH is the current directory; default EXPRESSION is |
| - | '-print'. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | EXPRESSION may consist of: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -follow Dereference symbolic links |
| - | -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN |
| - | -type X Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) |
| - | -perm PERMS Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN); or exactly (NNN) |
| - | -mtime TIME Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N); or exactly (N) days |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ find / -name /etc/passwd |
| - | /etc/passwd |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="free"> |
| - | <title>free</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: free |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Displays the amount of free and used system memory. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ free |
| - | total used free shared buffers |
| - | Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124 |
| - | Swap: 128516 8404 120112 |
| - | Total: 386144 257128 129016 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="freeramdisk"> |
| - | <title>freeramdisk</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Free all memory used by the ramdisk DEVICE. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="fsck.minix"> |
| - | <title>fsck.minix</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: fsck.minix [OPTION]... DEVICE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Perform a consistency check on the MINIX filesystem on |
| - | DEVICE. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -l List all filenames |
| - | -r Perform interactive repairs |
| - | -a Perform automatic repairs |
| - | -v Verbose |
| - | -s Output super-block information |
| - | -m Activate MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings |
| - | -f Force file system check. |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="getopt"> |
| - | <title>getopt</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: getopt [OPTIONS]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Parse command options |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single -\n" |
| - | -l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized\n" |
| - | -n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported\n" |
| - | -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized\n" |
| - | -q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)\n" |
| - | -Q, --quiet-output No normal output\n" |
| - | -s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions\n" |
| - | -T, --test Test for getopt(1) version\n" |
| - | -u, --unqote Do not quote the output\n" |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ cat getopt.test |
| - | #!/bin/sh |
| - | GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \ |
| - | -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"` |
| - | if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi |
| - | eval set -- "$GETOPT" |
| - | while true ; do |
| - | case $1 in |
| - | -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;; |
| - | -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;; |
| - | -c|--c-long) |
| - | case "$2" in |
| - | "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;; |
| - | *) echo "Option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;; |
| - | esac ;; |
| - | --) shift ; break ;; |
| - | *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;; |
| - | esac |
| - | done |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="grep"> |
| - | <title>grep</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Search for PATTERN in each FILE or stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output |
| - | -i Ignore case distinctions |
| - | -n Print line number with output lines |
| - | -q Be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise |
| - | -v Select non-matching lines |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | This version of grep matches full regular expressions. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ grep root /etc/passwd |
| - | root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash |
| - | $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd |
| - | root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="gunzip"> |
| - | <title>gunzip</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Uncompress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-'). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Write output to standard output |
| - | -t Test compressed file integrity |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* |
| - | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz |
| - | $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz |
| - | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* |
| - | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="gzip"> |
| - | <title>gzip</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Compress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-') with maximum |
| - | compression to FILE.gz (or stdout if FILE is '-'). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Write output to standard output |
| - | -d decompress |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* |
| - | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar |
| - | $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar |
| - | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* |
| - | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="halt"> |
| - | <title>halt</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: halt |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Halt the system. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="head"> |
| - | <title>head</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: head [OPTION] FILE... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. |
| - | With more than one FILE, precede each with a header |
| - | giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, |
| - | read standard input. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd |
| - | root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash |
| - | daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="hostid"> |
| - | <title>hostid</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: hostid |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current |
| - | machine. The 32-bit identifier is intended to be unique |
| - | among all UNIX systems in existence. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="hostname"> |
| - | <title>hostname</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: hostname [OPTION]... [HOSTNAME|-F FILE] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a |
| - | hostname is given (or a file with the -F parameter), the |
| - | host name will be set. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -s Short |
| - | -i Addresses for the hostname |
| - | -d DNS domain name |
| - | -F, --file FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ hostname |
| - | slag |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="id"> |
| - | <title>id</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: id [OPTION]... [USERNAME] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print information for USERNAME or the current user. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -g Print only the group ID |
| - | -u Print only the user ID |
| - | -n print a name instead of a number (with for -ug) |
| - | -r Print the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ id |
| - | uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="init"> |
| - | <title>init</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: init |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Init is the parent of all processes. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | This version of init is designed to be run only by the |
| - | kernel. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The |
| - | runlevels field of the /etc/inittab file is completely |
| - | ignored by BusyBox init. If you want runlevels, use |
| - | sysvinit. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no |
| - | inittab is found, it has the following default behavior: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS |
| - | ::askfirst:/bin/sh |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | If it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial |
| - | console, it will also run: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab |
| - | entry format is as follows: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process> |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <sect2> |
| - | <title>id</title> |
| - | <para> |
| - | |
| - | WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init! |
| - | The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty |
| - | for the specified process to run on. The contents of this field |
| - | are appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this |
| - | field to be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange |
| - | results. If this field is left blank, the controlling tty is set |
| - | to the console. Also note that if BusyBox detects that a serial |
| - | console is in use, then only entries whose controlling tty is |
| - | either the serial console or /dev/null will be run. BusyBox init |
| - | does nothing with utmp. We don't need no stinkin' utmp. |
| - | |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect2> |
| - | |
| - | <sect2> |
| - | <title>runlevels</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | The runlevels field is completely ignored. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect2> |
| - | |
| - | <sect2> |
| - | <title>action</title> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, |
| - | once, and ctrlaltdel. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions |
| - | that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified |
| - | process exits. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Run only-once actions: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | 'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all |
| - | sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the |
| - | completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run. |
| - | 'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until |
| - | the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asyncronous, |
| - | therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'ctrlaltdel' |
| - | actions are run immediately before init causes the system to reboot |
| - | (unmounting filesystems with a 'ctrlaltdel' action is a very good |
| - | idea). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Run repeatedly actions: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | 'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process |
| - | started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts |
| - | it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from |
| - | respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like |
| - | respawn, except that before running the specified process it |
| - | displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console." |
| - | and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the |
| - | specified process. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an |
| - | error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are |
| - | run in the reverse order from how they appear in /etc/inittab. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | </sect2> |
| - | |
| - | <sect2> |
| - | <title>process</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Specifies the process to be executed and its |
| - | command line. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect2> |
| - | |
| - | <sect2> |
| - | <title>Example /etc/inittab file</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode. |
| - | # |
| - | ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS |
| - | |
| - | # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys |
| - | # |
| - | # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be) |
| - | ::askfirst:-/bin/sh |
| - | # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4 |
| - | tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh |
| - | tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh |
| - | tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh |
| - | |
| - | # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys |
| - | # |
| - | tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 |
| - | tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6 |
| - | |
| - | # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal) |
| - | # |
| - | #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100 |
| - | #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100 |
| - | # |
| - | # Example how to put a getty on a modem line. |
| - | #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2 |
| - | |
| - | # Stuff to do before rebooting |
| - | ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r |
| - | ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect2> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="insmod"> |
| - | <title>insmod</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Load MODULE into the kernel. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version. |
| - | -k Make module autoclean-able. |
| - | -v Verbose output |
| - | -x Do not export externs |
| - | -L Prevent simultaneous loads of the same module |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="kill"> |
| - | <title>kill</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: kill [OPTION] PID... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified |
| - | PID(s). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -l List all signal names and numbers |
| - | -SIG Send signal SIG |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ps | grep apache |
| - | 252 root root S [apache] |
| - | 263 www-data www-data S [apache] |
| - | 264 www-data www-data S [apache] |
| - | 265 www-data www-data S [apache] |
| - | 266 www-data www-data S [apache] |
| - | 267 www-data www-data S [apache] |
| - | $ kill 252 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="killall"> |
| - | <title>killall</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: killall [OPTION] NAME... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified |
| - | NAME(s). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -l List all signal names and numbers |
| - | -SIG Send signal SIG |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ killall apache |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="length"> |
| - | <title>length</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: length STRING |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print the length of STRING. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ length "Hello" |
| - | 5 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="ln"> |
| - | <title>ln</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: ln [OPTION]... TARGET FILE|DIRECTORY |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Create a link named FILE or DIRECTORY to the specified |
| - | TARGET. You may use '--' to indicate that all following |
| - | arguments are non-options. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -s Make symbolic link instead of hard link |
| - | -f Remove existing destination file |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/ls |
| - | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox* |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="loadfont"> |
| - | <title>loadfont</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: loadfont |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Load a console font from stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="loadkmap"> |
| - | <title>loadkmap</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: loadkmap |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="logger"> |
| - | <title>logger</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log |
| - | stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -s Log to stderr as well as the system log |
| - | -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) |
| - | -p Enter the message with the specified priority |
| - | This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ logger "hello" |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="logname"> |
| - | <title>logname</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: logname |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print the name of the current user. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ logname |
| - | root |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="logread"> |
| - | <title>logread</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: logread [OPTION]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -f Output data as the log grows. |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ logread |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="ls"> |
| - | <title>ls</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Do not hide entries starting with . |
| - | -c With -l: show ctime (the time of last |
| - | modification of file status information) |
| - | -d List directory entries instead of contents |
| - | -e List both full date and full time |
| - | -l Use a long listing format |
| - | -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names |
| - | -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries |
| - | -u With -l: show access time (the time of last |
| - | access of the file) |
| - | -x List entries by lines instead of by columns |
| - | -A Do not list implied . and .. |
| - | -C List entries by columns |
| - | -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries |
| - | -L list entries pointed to by symbolic links |
| - | -R List subdirectories recursively |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="lsmod"> |
| - | <title>lsmod</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: lsmod |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | List currently loaded kernel modules. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="makedevs"> |
| - | <title>makedevs</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: makedevsf NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Create a range of block or character special files. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | TYPE may be: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | b Make a block (buffered) device |
| - | c or u Make a character (un-buffered) device |
| - | p Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create |
| - | the first device. LAST specifies the number of the last |
| - | item that should be created. If 's' is the last |
| - | argument, the base device is created as well. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 |
| - | [creates ttyS2-ttyS63] |
| - | $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s |
| - | [creates hda,hda1-hda8] |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="md5sum"> |
| - | <title>md5sum</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: md5sum [OPTION]... FILE... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print or check MD5 checksums. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -b Read files in binary mode |
| - | -c Check MD5 sums against given list |
| - | -t Read files in text mode (default) |
| - | -g Read a string |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | The following two options are useful only when verifying |
| - | checksums: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -s Don't output anything, status code shows success |
| - | -w Warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ md5sum busybox |
| - | 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox |
| - | $ md5sum -c |
| - | 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox |
| - | 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324002 busybox |
| - | md5sum: MD5 check failed for 'busybox' |
| - | ^D |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mkdir"> |
| - | <title>mkdir</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Create the DIRECTORY(s), if they do not already exist. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -m Set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask |
| - | -p No error if directory exists, make parent directories as needed |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ mkdir /tmp/foo |
| - | $ mkdir /tmp/foo |
| - | /tmp/foo: File exists |
| - | $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz |
| - | /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory |
| - | $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mkfifo"> |
| - | <title>mkfifo</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mkfifo [OPTION] NAME |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Create a named pipe (identical to 'mknod NAME p'). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -m MODE Create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mkfs.minix"> |
| - | <title>mkfs.minix</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mkfs.minix [OPTION]... NAME [BLOCKS] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Make a MINIX filesystem. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Check the device for bad blocks |
| - | -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames |
| - | -i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem |
| - | -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME |
| - | -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mknod"> |
| - | <title>mknod</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mknod [OPTION]... NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Create a special file (block, character, or pipe). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | TYPE may be: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | b Make a block (buffered) device |
| - | c or u Make a character (un-buffered) device |
| - | p Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 |
| - | $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mkswap"> |
| - | <title>mkswap</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mkswap [OPTION]... DEVICE [BLOCKS] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Check for read-ability. |
| - | -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs]. |
| - | -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117). |
| - | BLOCKS Number of block to use (default is entire partition). |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mktemp"> |
| - | <title>mktemp</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mktemp TEMPLATE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Creates a temporary file with its name based on |
| - | TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e., |
| - | /tmp/temp.XXXXXX). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX |
| - | /tmp/temp.mWiLjM |
| - | $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM |
| - | -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="more"> |
| - | <title>more</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: more [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Page through text one screenful at a time. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ dmesg | more |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mount"> |
| - | <title>mount</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mount [OPTION]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | or: mount [OPTION]... DEVICE DIRECTORY |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Mount filesystems. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Mount all filesystems in /etc/fstab |
| - | -o One of the many filesystem options listed below |
| - | -r Mount the filesystem read-only |
| - | -t TYPE Specify the filesystem type |
| - | -w Mount the filesystem read-write |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options for use with the -o flag: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | async/sync Writes are asynchronous / synchronous |
| - | atime/noatime Enable / disable updates to inode access times |
| - | dev/nodev Allow / disallow use of special device files |
| - | exec/noexec Allow / disallow use of executable files |
| - | loop Mount a file via loop device |
| - | suid/nosuid Allow / disallow set-user-id-root programs |
| - | remount Remount a currently mounted filesystem |
| - | ro/rw Mount filesystem read-only / read-write |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | There are even more flags that are filesystem specific. |
| - | You'll have to see the written documentation for those. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ mount |
| - | /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw) |
| - | proc on /proc type proc (rw) |
| - | devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw) |
| - | $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro |
| - | $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mt"> |
| - | <title>mt</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mt [OPTION] OPCODE VALUE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Control magnetic tape drive operation. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -f DEVICE Control DEVICE |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="mv"> |
| - | <title>mv</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: mv SOURCE DEST |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="nc"> |
| - | <title>nc</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: nc HOST PORT |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | or: nc -p PORT -l |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Open a pipe to HOST:PORT or listen for a connection on PORT. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25 |
| - | 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600 |
| - | help |
| - | 214-Commands supported: |
| - | 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH |
| - | 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP |
| - | quit |
| - | 221 foobar closing connection |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="nslookup"> |
| - | <title>nslookup</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: nslookup [HOST] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given |
| - | HOST. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ nslookup localhost |
| - | Server: default |
| - | Address: default |
| - | |
| - | Name: debian |
| - | Address: 127.0.0.1 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="ping"> |
| - | <title>ping</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: ping [OPTION]... HOST |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to HOST. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings |
| - | -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56) |
| - | -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start and when finished |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ping localhost |
| - | PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes |
| - | 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms |
| - | |
| - | --- debian ping statistics --- |
| - | 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss |
| - | round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="poweroff"> |
| - | <title>poweroff</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: poweroff |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Shut down the system, and request that the kernel turn |
| - | off power upon halting. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="printf"> |
| - | <title>printf</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Format and print the given data in a manner similar to |
| - | the C printf command. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5 |
| - | Val=5 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="ps"> |
| - | <title>ps</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: ps |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Report process status. This version of ps accepts no |
| - | options. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ps |
| - | PID Uid Gid State Command |
| - | 1 root root S init |
| - | 2 root root S [kflushd] |
| - | 3 root root S [kupdate] |
| - | 4 root root S [kpiod] |
| - | 5 root root S [kswapd] |
| - | 742 andersen andersen S [bash] |
| - | 743 andersen andersen S -bash |
| - | 745 root root S [getty] |
| - | 2990 andersen andersen R ps |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="pwd"> |
| - | <title>pwd</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: pwd |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print the full filename of the current working |
| - | directory. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ pwd |
| - | /root |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="rdate"> |
| - | <title>rdate</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: rdate [OPTION] HOST |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -s Set the system date and time (default). |
| - | -p Print the date and time. |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="reboot"> |
| - | <title>reboot</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: reboot |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Reboot the system. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="renice"> |
| - | <title>renice</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: renice priority pid [pid ...] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range |
| - | from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0 |
| - | (default priority) to -20 (almost nothing else ever gets to run). |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="reset"> |
| - | <title>reset</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: reset |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Resets the screen. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="rm"> |
| - | <title>rm</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to |
| - | indicate that all following arguments are non-options. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -i Always prompt before removing each destinations |
| - | -f Remove existing destinations, never prompt |
| - | -r or -R Remove the contents of directories recursively |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ rm -rf /tmp/foo |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="rmdir"> |
| - | <title>rmdir</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: rmdir DIRECTORY... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Remove DIRECTORY(s) if they are empty. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ rmdir /tmp/foo |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="rmmod"> |
| - | <title>rmmod</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Unload MODULE(s) from the kernel. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Remove all unused modules (recursively) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ rmmod tulip |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="run-parts"> |
| - | <title>run-parts</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: run-parts [-t] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Run a bunch of scripts in a directory. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -t Test only. It only print the file to be executed, |
| - | without execute them. |
| - | -a ARG Pass ARG as an a argument to the programs executed. |
| - | -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before executing the programs. |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="sed"> |
| - | <title>sed</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: sed [OPTION]... SCRIPT [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Allowed sed scripts come in the following form: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | ADDR [!] COMMAND |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | ADDR can be: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | NUMBER Match specified line number |
| - | $ Match last line |
| - | /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | ! inverts the meaning of the match |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | COMMAND can be: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | s/regexp/replacement/[igp] |
| - | which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space |
| - | and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement. |
| - | aTEXT |
| - | which appends TEXT after the pattern space |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | This version of sed matches full regular expressions. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -e Add the script to the commands to be executed |
| - | -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g' |
| - | bar |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="setkeycodes"> |
| - | <title>setkeycodes</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, |
| - | allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and |
| - | KEYCODE is given in decimal. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ setkeycodes e030 127 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="sh"> |
| - | <title>sh</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: sh |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter) |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | This command does not yet have proper documentation. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It |
| - | properly handles pipes, redirects, job control, can be |
| - | used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), and has a |
| - | sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does |
| - | not (yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need |
| - | things like ``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use |
| - | ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and |
| - | extremely small shell, this will do the job. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="sleep"> |
| - | <title>sleep</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: sleep N |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Pause for N seconds. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ sleep 2 |
| - | [2 second delay results] |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="sort"> |
| - | <title>sort</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Sort lines of text in FILE(s). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -n Compare numerically |
| - | -r Reverse after sorting |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort |
| - | a |
| - | b |
| - | c |
| - | d |
| - | e |
| - | f |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="swapoff"> |
| - | <title>swapoff</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [DEVICE] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Stop swapping virtual memory pages on DEVICE. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Stop swapping on all swap devices |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="swapon"> |
| - | <title>swapon</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: swapon [OPTION] [DEVICE] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Start swapping on all swap devices |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="sync"> |
| - | <title>sync</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: sync |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="syslogd"> |
| - | <title>syslogd</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: syslogd [OPTION]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging |
| - | utility. Note that this version of syslogd/klogd ignores |
| - | /etc/syslog.conf. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off) |
| - | -n Run as a foreground process |
| - | -K Do not start up the klogd process |
| - | -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages) |
| - | -R HOST[:PORT] Log remotely to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) |
| - | -L Log locally as well as network logging (default is network only) |
| - | -C [size(KiB)] Log to a circular buffer. Read this buffer using 'logread' |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ syslogd -R masterlog:514 |
| - | $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="tail"> |
| - | <title>tail</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. |
| - | With more than one FILE, precede each with a header |
| - | giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, |
| - | read stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of last 10 |
| - | -f Output data as the file grows. This version |
| - | of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time. |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf |
| - | nameserver 10.0.0.1 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="tar"> |
| - | <title>tar</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: tar [MODE] [OPTION] [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | MODE may be chosen from |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | c Create |
| - | x Extract |
| - | t List |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | f FILE Use FILE for tarfile (or stdin if '-') |
| - | O Extract to stdout |
| - | exclude FILE File to exclude |
| - | v List files processed |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf - |
| - | $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="tee"> |
| - | <title>tee</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Copy stdin to FILE(s), and also to stdout. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo |
| - | Hello |
| - | $ cat /tmp/foo |
| - | Hello |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="telnet"> |
| - | <title>telnet</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: telnet HOST [PORT] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Establish interactive communication with another |
| - | computer over a network using the TELNET protocol. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="test"> |
| - | <title>test, [</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: test EXPRESSION |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | or: [ EXPRESSION ] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Check file types and compare values returning an exit |
| - | code determined by the value of EXPRESSION. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ test 1 -eq 2 |
| - | $ echo $? |
| - | 1 |
| - | $ test 1 -eq 1 |
| - | $ echo $? |
| - | 0 |
| - | $ [ -d /etc ] |
| - | $ echo $? |
| - | 0 |
| - | $ [ -d /junk ] |
| - | $ echo $? |
| - | 1 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="touch"> |
| - | <title>touch</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: touch [OPTION]... FILE... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Update the last-modified date on (or create) FILE(s). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Do not create files |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory |
| - | $ touch /tmp/foo |
| - | $ ls -l /tmp/foo |
| - | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="tr"> |
| - | <title>tr</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: tr [OPTION]... STRING1 [STRING2] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from stdin, |
| - | writing to stdout. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Take complement of STRING1 |
| - | -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 |
| - | -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z] |
| - | hello world |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="true"> |
| - | <title>true</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: true |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Return an exit code of TRUE (1). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ true |
| - | $ echo $? |
| - | 0 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="tty"> |
| - | <title>tty</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: tty |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print the file name of the terminal connected to stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -s Print nothing, only return an exit status |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ tty |
| - | /dev/tty2 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="umount"> |
| - | <title>umount</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: umount [OPTION]... DEVICE|DIRECTORY [...] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Unmount all file systems |
| - | -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy |
| - | -f Force filesystem umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) |
| - | -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ umount /dev/hdc1 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="uname"> |
| - | <title>uname</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: uname [OPTION]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same |
| - | as -s. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -a Print all information |
| - | -m Print the machine (hardware) type |
| - | -n Print the machine's network node hostname |
| - | -r Print the operating system release |
| - | -s Print the operating system name |
| - | -p Print the host processor type |
| - | -v Print the operating system version |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ uname -a |
| - | Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="uniq"> |
| - | <title>uniq</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: uniq [INPUT [OUTPUT]] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Discard all but one of successive identical lines from |
| - | INPUT (or stdin), writing to OUTPUT (or stdout). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c prefix lines by the number of occurrences |
| - | -d only print duplicate lines |
| - | -u only print unique lines |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq |
| - | a |
| - | b |
| - | c |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="unix2dos"> |
| - | <title>unix2dos</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: unix2dos < unixfile > dosfile |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Converts a text file from unix format to dos format. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="unrpm"> |
| - | <title>unrpm</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: unrpm < package.rpm | gzip -d | cpio -idmuv |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Extracts an rpm archive. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="update"> |
| - | <title>update</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: update [OPTION]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Periodically flush filesystem buffers. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -S Force use of sync(2) instead of flushing |
| - | -s SECS Call sync this often (default 30) |
| - | -f SECS Flush some buffers this often (default 5) |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="uptime"> |
| - | <title>uptime</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: uptime |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Display how long the system has been running since boot. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ uptime |
| - | 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="usleep"> |
| - | <title>usleep</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: usleep N |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Pause for N microseconds. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ usleep 1000000 |
| - | [pauses for 1 second] |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="uudecode"> |
| - | <title>uudecode</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: uudecode [OPTION] [FILE] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Uudecode a uuencoded file. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -o FILE Direct output to FILE |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu |
| - | $ ls -l busybox |
| - | -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="uuencode"> |
| - | <title>uuencode</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] OUTFILE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Uuencode a file. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -m Use base64 encoding as of RFC1521 |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ uuencode busybox busybox |
| - | begin 755 busybox |
| - | M?T5,1@$!`0````````````(``P`!````L+@$"#0```!0N@,``````#0`(``& |
| - | ..... |
| - | $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu |
| - | $ |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="watchdog"> |
| - | <title>watchdog</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: watchdog device |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Periodically writes to watchdog device B<device>. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="wc"> |
| - | <title>wc</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a |
| - | total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no |
| - | FILE, read stdin. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -c Print the byte counts |
| - | -l Print the newline counts |
| - | -L Print the length of the longest line |
| - | -w Print the word counts |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ wc /etc/passwd |
| - | 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="which"> |
| - | <title>which</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: which [COMMAND]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Locate COMMAND(s). |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ which login |
| - | /bin/login |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="whoami"> |
| - | <title>whoami</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: whoami |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Print the user name associated with the current |
| - | effective user id. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ whoami |
| - | andersen |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="xargs"> |
| - | <title>xargs</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: xargs [OPTIONS] [COMMAND] [ARGS...] |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -t Print the command just before it is run |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | $ ls | xargs gzip |
| - | $ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="yes"> |
| - | <title>yes</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: yes [STRING]... |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), |
| - | or `y'. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | |
| - | <sect1 id="zcat"> |
| - | <title>zcat</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Usage: zcat [OPTION]... FILE |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Uncompress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-') to stdout. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Options: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | -t Test compressed file integrity |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Example: |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <screen> |
| - | </screen> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </sect1> |
| - | </chapter> |
| - | |
| - | <chapter id="LIBC-NSS"> |
| - | <title>LIBC NSS</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the |
| - | behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to |
| - | configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group |
| - | information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it will never use |
| - | NSS, and will never use libc calls that make use of NSS. This |
| - | allows you to run an embedded system without the need for |
| - | installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without /lib/libnss_* |
| - | libraries installed. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for |
| - | authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, |
| - | then you will need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are |
| - | though, that if you have enough space to install of that stuff |
| - | on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities. |
| - | </para> |
| - | </chapter> |
| - | |
| - | <chapter id="SEE-ALSO"> |
| - | <title>SEE ALSO</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | <literal>textutils(1),</literal> |
| - | <literal>shellutils(1),</literal> |
| - | etc... |
| - | </para> |
| - | </chapter> |
| - | |
| - | <chapter id="MAINTAINER"> |
| - | <title>MAINTAINER</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Erik Andersen <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | </chapter> |
| - | |
| - | <chapter id="AUTHORS"> |
| - | <title>AUTHORS</title> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | The following people have made significant contributions to |
| - | BusyBox -- whether they know it or not. |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Erik Andersen <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Edward Betts <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | John Beppu <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Brian Candler <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Randolph Chung <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Dave Cinege <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Karl M. Hegbloom <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Daniel Jacobowitz <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Matt Kraai <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | John Lombardo <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Glenn McGrath <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Bruce Perens <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Chip Rosenthal <[email protected]>, <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Pavel Roskin <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Gyepi Sam <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Linus Torvalds <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Mark Whitley <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Charles P. Wright <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Enrique Zanardi <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | <para> |
| - | Vladimir Oleynik <[email protected]> |
| - | </para> |
| - | |
| - | |
| - | </chapter> |
| - | </book> <!-- End of the book --> |