ws-docs: extend WebSocket documentation
—
$ git checkout -f dc3252bedd7e0cc42b0b2381a2b7d107db7c62c0
Previous HEAD position was 65fca12e63 x509asn1: add parse recursion limit
HEAD is now at dc3252bedd ws-docs: extend WebSocket documentation
$ git clean -fdx
Removing Makefile
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$ autoreconf -fi
libtoolize: putting auxiliary files in '.'.
libtoolize: copying file './ltmain.sh'
libtoolize: putting macros in AC_CONFIG_MACRO_DIRS, 'm4'.
libtoolize: copying file 'm4/libtool.m4'
libtoolize: copying file 'm4/ltoptions.m4'
libtoolize: copying file 'm4/ltsugar.m4'
libtoolize: copying file 'm4/ltversion.m4'
libtoolize: copying file 'm4/lt~obsolete.m4'
libtoolize: Remember to add 'LT_INIT' to configure.ac.
configure.ac:126: installing './compile'
configure.ac:422: installing './config.guess'
configure.ac:422: installing './config.sub'
configure.ac:126: installing './install-sh'
configure.ac:132: installing './missing'
docs/examples/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
$ bash -c find . -name config.guess -exec cp /usr/share/misc/config.guess {} \;
$ bash -c find . -name config.sub -exec cp /usr/share/misc/config.sub {} \;
$ chmod +x configure
$ ./configure --disable-shared --without-ssl --disable-docs
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking whether to enable debug build options... no
checking whether to enable compiler optimizer... (assumed) yes
checking whether to enable strict compiler warnings... no
checking whether to enable compiler warnings as errors... no
checking whether to enable curl debug memory tracking... no
checking whether to enable hiding of library internal symbols... yes
checking whether to enable c-ares for DNS lookups... no
checking whether to disable dependency on -lrt... (assumed no)
checking whether to enable HTTPSRR support... no
checking whether to enable ECH support... no
checking whether to enable SSL session export support... no
checking for path separator... :
checking for sed... /usr/bin/sed
checking for grep... /usr/bin/grep
checking that grep -E works... yes
checking for ar... /usr/bin/ar
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking for gcc... ccache gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
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checking if compiler accepts some basic options... yes
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configure: compiler options added: -O2
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configure: found both libz and libz.h header
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configure: IDN_LIBS: "-lidn2"
configure: IDN_LDFLAGS: ""
configure: IDN_CPPFLAGS: ""
configure: IDN_DIR: ""
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checking run-time libs availability... fine
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configure: disables HSTS due to lack of SSL
checking whether to support WebSockets... yes
checking whether hiding of library internal symbols will actually happen... yes
checking if this build supports HTTPS-proxy... no
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating docs/Makefile
config.status: creating docs/examples/Makefile
config.status: creating docs/libcurl/Makefile
config.status: creating docs/libcurl/opts/Makefile
config.status: creating docs/cmdline-opts/Makefile
config.status: creating include/Makefile
config.status: creating include/curl/Makefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/Makefile
config.status: creating scripts/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/libcurl.vers
config.status: creating tests/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/config
config.status: creating tests/configurehelp.pm
config.status: creating tests/certs/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/certs/scripts/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/data/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/server/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/libtest/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/unit/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/http/config.ini
config.status: creating tests/http/Makefile
config.status: creating tests/http/clients/Makefile
config.status: creating packages/Makefile
config.status: creating packages/vms/Makefile
config.status: creating curl-config
config.status: creating libcurl.pc
config.status: creating lib/curl_config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
config.status: executing libtool commands
configure: Configured to build curl/libcurl:
Host setup: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Install prefix: /usr/local
Compiler: ccache gcc
CFLAGS: -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -O2 -Wno-system-headers
CFLAGS extras:
CPPFLAGS: -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
curl-config:
LIBS: -lpsl -lz
curl version: 8.12.0-DEV
SSL: no (--with-{openssl,gnutls,mbedtls,wolfssl,schannel,secure-transport,amissl,bearssl,rustls} )
SSH: no (--with-{libssh,libssh2})
zlib: enabled
brotli: no (--with-brotli)
zstd: no (--with-zstd)
GSS-API: no (--with-gssapi)
GSASL: no (libgsasl not found)
TLS-SRP: no (--enable-tls-srp)
resolver: POSIX threaded
IPv6: enabled
Unix sockets: enabled
IDN: no (--with-{libidn2,winidn})
Build docs: no
Build libcurl: Shared=no, Static=yes
Built-in manual: no (--enable-manual)
--libcurl option: enabled (--disable-libcurl-option)
Verbose errors: enabled (--disable-verbose)
Code coverage: disabled
SSPI: no (--enable-sspi)
ca cert bundle: no
ca cert path:
ca cert embed: no
ca fallback:
LDAP: no (--enable-ldap / --with-ldap-lib / --with-lber-lib)
LDAPS: no (--enable-ldaps)
IPFS/IPNS: enabled
RTSP: enabled
RTMP: no (--with-librtmp)
PSL: enabled
Alt-svc: enabled (--disable-alt-svc)
Headers API: enabled (--disable-headers-api)
HSTS: no (--enable-hsts)
HTTP1: enabled (internal)
HTTP2: no (--with-nghttp2)
HTTP3: no (--with-ngtcp2 --with-nghttp3, --with-quiche, --with-openssl-quic, --with-msh3)
ECH: no (--enable-ech)
HTTPS RR: no (--enable-httpsrr)
SSLS-EXPORT: no (--enable-ssls-export)
Protocols: dict file ftp gopher http imap ipfs ipns mqtt pop3 rtsp smtp telnet tftp ws
Features: alt-svc AsynchDNS IPv6 Largefile libz PSL threadsafe UnixSockets
configure: WARNING: Cannot find libraries for LDAP support: LDAP disabled
configure: WARNING: libgsasl was not found
configure: WARNING: Cannot find libidn2
$ make -j3
Making all in lib
make[1]: Entering directory '/root/asi_db/builds/curl/_worktrees/w0/lib'
make all-am
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/asi_db/builds/curl/_worktrees/w0/lib'
CC libcurl_la-altsvc.lo
CC libcurl_la-amigaos.lo
CC libcurl_la-asyn-ares.lo
CC libcurl_la-asyn-thread.lo
CC libcurl_la-base64.lo
CC libcurl_la-bufq.lo
CC libcurl_la-bufref.lo
CC libcurl_la-cf-h1-proxy.lo
CC libcurl_la-cf-h2-proxy.lo
CC libcurl_la-cf-haproxy.lo
CC libcurl_la-cf-https-connect.lo
CC libcurl_la-cf-socket.lo
CC libcurl_la-cfilters.lo
CC libcurl_la-conncache.lo
CC libcurl_la-connect.lo
CC libcurl_la-content_encoding.lo
CC libcurl_la-cookie.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_addrinfo.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_des.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_endian.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_fnmatch.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_get_line.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_gethostname.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_gssapi.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_memrchr.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_multibyte.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_ntlm_core.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_range.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_rtmp.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_sasl.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_sha512_256.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_sspi.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_threads.lo
CC libcurl_la-curl_trc.lo
CC libcurl_la-cw-out.lo
CC libcurl_la-dict.lo
CC libcurl_la-dllmain.lo
CC libcurl_la-doh.lo
CC libcurl_la-dynbuf.lo
CC libcurl_la-dynhds.lo
CC libcurl_la-easy.lo
CC libcurl_la-easygetopt.lo
CC libcurl_la-easyoptions.lo
CC libcurl_la-escape.lo
CC libcurl_la-file.lo
CC libcurl_la-fileinfo.lo
CC libcurl_la-fopen.lo
CC libcurl_la-formdata.lo
CC libcurl_la-ftp.lo
CC libcurl_la-ftplistparser.lo
CC libcurl_la-getenv.lo
CC libcurl_la-getinfo.lo
CC libcurl_la-gopher.lo
CC libcurl_la-hash.lo
CC libcurl_la-headers.lo
CC libcurl_la-hmac.lo
CC libcurl_la-hostasyn.lo
CC libcurl_la-hostip.lo
CC libcurl_la-hostip4.lo
CC libcurl_la-hostip6.lo
CC libcurl_la-hostsyn.lo
CC libcurl_la-hsts.lo
CC libcurl_la-http.lo
CC libcurl_la-http1.lo
CC libcurl_la-http2.lo
CC libcurl_la-http_aws_sigv4.lo
CC libcurl_la-http_chunks.lo
CC libcurl_la-http_digest.lo
CC libcurl_la-http_negotiate.lo
CC libcurl_la-http_ntlm.lo
CC libcurl_la-http_proxy.lo
CC libcurl_la-httpsrr.lo
CC libcurl_la-idn.lo
CC libcurl_la-if2ip.lo
CC libcurl_la-imap.lo
CC libcurl_la-inet_ntop.lo
CC libcurl_la-inet_pton.lo
CC libcurl_la-krb5.lo
CC libcurl_la-ldap.lo
CC libcurl_la-llist.lo
CC libcurl_la-macos.lo
CC libcurl_la-md4.lo
CC libcurl_la-md5.lo
CC libcurl_la-memdebug.lo
CC libcurl_la-mime.lo
CC libcurl_la-mprintf.lo
CC libcurl_la-mqtt.lo
CC libcurl_la-multi.lo
CC libcurl_la-netrc.lo
CC libcurl_la-nonblock.lo
CC libcurl_la-noproxy.lo
CC libcurl_la-openldap.lo
CC libcurl_la-parsedate.lo
CC libcurl_la-pingpong.lo
CC libcurl_la-pop3.lo
CC libcurl_la-progress.lo
CC libcurl_la-psl.lo
CC libcurl_la-rand.lo
CC libcurl_la-rename.lo
CC libcurl_la-request.lo
CC libcurl_la-rtsp.lo
CC libcurl_la-select.lo
CC libcurl_la-sendf.lo
CC libcurl_la-setopt.lo
CC libcurl_la-sha256.lo
CC libcurl_la-share.lo
CC libcurl_la-slist.lo
CC libcurl_la-smb.lo
CC libcurl_la-smtp.lo
CC libcurl_la-socketpair.lo
CC libcurl_la-socks.lo
CC libcurl_la-socks_gssapi.lo
CC libcurl_la-socks_sspi.lo
CC libcurl_la-speedcheck.lo
CC libcurl_la-splay.lo
CC libcurl_la-strcase.lo
CC libcurl_la-strdup.lo
CC libcurl_la-strerror.lo
CC libcurl_la-strparse.lo
CC libcurl_la-strtok.lo
CC libcurl_la-strtoofft.lo
CC libcurl_la-system_win32.lo
CC libcurl_la-telnet.lo
CC libcurl_la-tftp.lo
CC libcurl_la-timediff.lo
CC libcurl_la-timeval.lo
CC libcurl_la-transfer.lo
CC libcurl_la-url.lo
CC libcurl_la-urlapi.lo
CC libcurl_la-version.lo
CC libcurl_la-version_win32.lo
CC libcurl_la-warnless.lo
CC libcurl_la-ws.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-cleartext.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-cram.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-digest.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-digest_sspi.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-gsasl.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-krb5_gssapi.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-krb5_sspi.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-ntlm.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-ntlm_sspi.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-oauth2.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-spnego_gssapi.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-spnego_sspi.lo
CC vauth/libcurl_la-vauth.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-bearssl.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-cipher_suite.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-gtls.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-hostcheck.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-keylog.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-mbedtls.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-mbedtls_threadlock.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-openssl.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-rustls.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-schannel.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-schannel_verify.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-sectransp.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-vtls.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-vtls_scache.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-vtls_spack.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-wolfssl.lo
CC vtls/libcurl_la-x509asn1.lo
CC vquic/libcurl_la-curl_msh3.lo
CC vquic/libcurl_la-curl_ngtcp2.lo
CC vquic/libcurl_la-curl_osslq.lo
CC vquic/libcurl_la-curl_quiche.lo
CC vquic/libcurl_la-vquic.lo
CC vquic/libcurl_la-vquic-tls.lo
CC vssh/libcurl_la-libssh.lo
CC vssh/libcurl_la-libssh2.lo
CC vssh/libcurl_la-curl_path.lo
CC vssh/libcurl_la-wolfssh.lo
CCLD libcurl.la
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make[1]: Entering directory '/root/asi_db/builds/curl/_worktrees/w0/src'
CC curl-slist_wc.o
CC curl-terminal.o
CC curl-tool_bname.o
CC curl-tool_cb_dbg.o
CC curl-tool_cb_hdr.o
CC curl-tool_cb_prg.o
CC curl-tool_cb_rea.o
CC curl-tool_cb_see.o
CC curl-tool_cb_soc.o
CC curl-tool_cb_wrt.o
CC curl-tool_cfgable.o
CC curl-tool_dirhie.o
CC curl-tool_doswin.o
CC curl-tool_easysrc.o
CC curl-tool_findfile.o
CC curl-tool_filetime.o
CC curl-tool_formparse.o
CC curl-tool_getparam.o
CC curl-tool_getpass.o
CC curl-tool_help.o
CC curl-tool_helpers.o
CC curl-tool_ipfs.o
CC curl-tool_libinfo.o
CC curl-tool_listhelp.o
CC curl-tool_main.o
CC curl-tool_msgs.o
CC curl-tool_operate.o
CC curl-tool_operhlp.o
CC curl-tool_paramhlp.o
CC curl-tool_progress.o
CC curl-tool_parsecfg.o
CC curl-tool_setopt.o
CC curl-tool_sleep.o
CC curl-tool_ssls.o
CC curl-tool_stderr.o
CC curl-tool_strdup.o
CC curl-tool_urlglob.o
CC curl-tool_util.o
CC curl-tool_vms.o
CC curl-tool_writeout.o
CC curl-tool_writeout_json.o
CC curl-tool_xattr.o
CC curl-var.o
echo '#include "tool_hugehelp.h"' >> tool_hugehelp.c
echo 'extern const void *curl_ca_embed; const void *curl_ca_embed;' > tool_ca_embed.c
CC ../lib/curl-base64.o
CC ../lib/curl-curl_get_line.o
CC ../lib/curl-curl_multibyte.o
CC ../lib/curl-dynbuf.o
CC ../lib/curl-nonblock.o
CC ../lib/curl-strtoofft.o
CC ../lib/curl-timediff.o
CC ../lib/curl-warnless.o
CC ../lib/curl-version_win32.o
CC curl-tool_hugehelp.o
CC curl-tool_ca_embed.o
CCLD curl
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| @@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ struct curl_ws_frame { | |
| int flags; | |
| curl_off_t offset; | |
| curl_off_t bytesleft; | |
| + | size_t len; |
| }; | |
| ~~~ | |
| @@ -63,38 +64,65 @@ See the list below. | |
| ## `offset` | |
| - | When this frame is a continuation of fragment data already delivered, this is |
| - | the offset into the final fragment where this piece belongs. |
| + | When this chunk is a continuation of frame data already delivered, this is |
| + | the offset into the final frame data where this piece belongs to. |
| ## `bytesleft` | |
| If this is not a complete fragment, the *bytesleft* field informs about how | |
| many additional bytes are expected to arrive before this fragment is complete. | |
| + | ## `len` |
| + | |
| + | The length of the current data chunk. |
| + | |
| # FLAGS | |
| + | The *message type* flags (CURLWS_TEXT/BINARY/CLOSE/PING/PONG) are mutually |
| + | exclusive. |
| + | |
| ## CURLWS_TEXT | |
| - | The buffer contains text data. Note that this makes a difference to WebSocket |
| + | This is a message with text data. Note that this makes a difference to WebSocket |
| but libcurl itself does not make any verification of the content or | |
| precautions that you actually receive valid UTF-8 content. | |
| ## CURLWS_BINARY | |
| - | This is binary data. |
| - | |
| - | ## CURLWS_CONT |
| - | |
| - | This is not the final fragment of the message, it implies that there is |
| - | another fragment coming as part of the same message. |
| + | This is a message with binary data. |
| ## CURLWS_CLOSE | |
| - | This transfer is now closed. |
| + | This is a close message. No more data follows. |
| + | |
| + | It may contain a 2-byte unsigned integer in network byte order that indicates |
| + | the close reason and may additionally contain up to 123 bytes of further |
| + | textual payload for a total of at most 125 bytes. libcurl does not verify that |
| + | the textual description is valid UTF-8. |
| ## CURLWS_PING | |
| - | This as an incoming ping message, that expects a pong response. |
| + | This is a ping message. It may contain up to 125 bytes of payload text. |
| + | libcurl does not verify that the payload is valid UTF-8. |
| + | |
| + | Upon receiving a ping message, libcurl automatically responds with a pong |
| + | message unless the **CURLWS_RAW_MODE** bit of CURLOPT_WS_OPTIONS(3) is set. |
| + | |
| + | ## CURLWS_PONG |
| + | |
| + | This is a pong message. It may contain up to 125 bytes of payload text. |
| + | libcurl does not verify that the payload is valid UTF-8. |
| + | |
| + | ## CURLWS_CONT |
| + | |
| + | Can only occur in conjunction with CURLWS_TEXT or CURLWS_BINARY. |
| + | |
| + | This is not the final fragment of the message, it implies that there is |
| + | another fragment coming as part of the same message. The application must |
| + | reassemble the fragments to receive the complete message. |
| + | |
| + | Only a single fragmented message can be transmitted at a time, but it may |
| + | be interrupted by CURLWS_CLOSE, CURLWS_PING or CURLWS_PONG frames. |
| # %PROTOCOLS% | |
| @@ -30,20 +30,32 @@ CURLcode curl_ws_recv(CURL *curl, void *buffer, size_t buflen, | |
| # DESCRIPTION | |
| - | Retrieves as much as possible of a received WebSocket data fragment into the |
| - | **buffer**, but not more than **buflen** bytes. *recv* is set to the |
| + | Retrieves as much as possible of a received WebSocket frame into the |
| + | *buffer*, but not more than *buflen* bytes. *recv* is set to the |
| number of bytes actually stored. | |
| - | If there is more fragment data to deliver than what fits in the provided |
| - | *buffer*, libcurl returns a full buffer and the application needs to call this |
| - | function again to continue draining the buffer. |
| - | |
| If the function call is successful, the *meta* pointer gets set to point to a | |
| *const struct curl_ws_frame* that contains information about the received | |
| data. That struct must not be freed and its contents must not be relied upon | |
| - | anymore once another WebSocket function is called. See the curl_ws_meta(3) for |
| + | anymore once another WebSocket function is called. See curl_ws_meta(3) for more |
| details on that struct. | |
| + | The application must check `meta->bytesleft` to determine whether the complete |
| + | frame has been received. If more payload is pending, the application must call |
| + | this function again with an updated *buffer* and *buflen* to resume receiving. |
| + | This may for example happen when the data does not fit into the provided buffer |
| + | or when not all frame data has been delivered over the network yet. |
| + | |
| + | If the application wants to read the metadata without consuming any payload, |
| + | it may call this function with a *buflen* of zero. Setting *buffer* to a NULL |
| + | pointer is permitted in this case. Note that frames without payload are consumed |
| + | by this action. |
| + | |
| + | If the received message consists of multiple fragments, the *CURLWS_CONT* bit |
| + | is set in all frames except the final one. The application is responsible for |
| + | reassembling fragmented messages. See curl_ws_meta(3) for more details on |
| + | *CURLWS_CONT*. |
| + | |
| # %PROTOCOLS% | |
| # EXAMPLE | |
| @@ -51,15 +63,40 @@ details on that struct. | |
| ~~~c | |
| int main(void) | |
| { | |
| - | size_t rlen; |
| - | const struct curl_ws_frame *meta; |
| char buffer[256]; | |
| + | size_t offset = 0; |
| + | CURLcode res = CURLE_OK; |
| CURL *curl = curl_easy_init(); | |
| - | if(curl) { |
| - | CURLcode res = curl_ws_recv(curl, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &rlen, &meta); |
| - | if(res) |
| - | printf("error: %s\n", curl_easy_strerror(res)); |
| + | |
| + | curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "wss://example.com/"); |
| + | curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY, 2L); |
| + | /* start HTTPS connection and upgrade to WSS, then return control */ |
| + | curl_easy_perform(curl); |
| + | |
| + | /* Note: This example neglects fragmented messages. (CURLWS_CONT bit) |
| + | A real application must handle them appropriately. */ |
| + | |
| + | while(!res) { |
| + | size_t recv; |
| + | const struct curl_ws_frame *meta; |
| + | res = curl_ws_recv(curl, buffer + offset, sizeof(buffer) - offset, &recv, |
| + | &meta); |
| + | offset += recv; |
| + | |
| + | if(res == CURLE_OK) { |
| + | if(meta->bytesleft == 0) |
| + | break; /* finished receiving */ |
| + | if(meta->bytesleft > sizeof(buffer) - offset) |
| + | res = CURLE_TOO_LARGE; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | if(res == CURLE_AGAIN) |
| + | /* in real application: wait for socket here, e.g. using select() */ |
| + | res = CURLE_OK; |
| } | |
| + | |
| + | curl_easy_cleanup(curl); |
| + | return (int)res; |
| } | |
| ~~~ | |
| @@ -79,3 +116,8 @@ Returns **CURLE_GOT_NOTHING** if the associated connection is closed. | |
| Instead of blocking, the function returns **CURLE_AGAIN**. The correct | |
| behavior is then to wait for the socket to signal readability before calling | |
| this function again. | |
| + | |
| + | Any other non-zero return value indicates an error. See the libcurl-errors(3) |
| + | man page for the full list with descriptions. |
| + | |
| + | Returns **CURLE_GOT_NOTHING** if the associated connection is closed. |
| @@ -31,25 +31,30 @@ CURLcode curl_ws_send(CURL *curl, const void *buffer, size_t buflen, | |
| # DESCRIPTION | |
| - | Send the specific message fragment over an established WebSocket |
| - | connection. The *buffer* holds the data to send and it is *buflen* |
| - | number of payload bytes in that memory area. |
| + | Send the specific message chunk over an established WebSocket |
| + | connection. *buffer* must point to a valid memory location containing |
| + | (at least) *buflen* bytes of payload memory. |
| - | *sent* is returned as the number of payload bytes actually sent. |
| + | *sent* is set to the number of payload bytes actually sent. If the return value |
| + | is **CURLE_OK** but *sent* is less than the given *buflen*, libcurl was unable |
| + | to consume the complete payload in a single call. In this case the application |
| + | must call this function again until all payload is processed. *buffer* and |
| + | *buflen* must be updated on every following invocation to only point to the |
| + | remaining piece of the payload. |
| - | To send a (huge) fragment using multiple calls with partial content per |
| - | invoke, set the *CURLWS_OFFSET* bit and the *fragsize* argument as the |
| - | total expected size for the first part, then set the *CURLWS_OFFSET* with |
| - | a zero *fragsize* for the following parts. |
| + | *fragsize* should always be set to zero unless a (huge) frame shall be sent |
| + | using multiple calls with partial content per call explicitly. In that |
| + | case you must set the *CURLWS_OFFSET* bit and set the *fragsize* as documented |
| + | in the section on *CURLWS_OFFSET* below. |
| - | If not sending a partial fragment or if this is raw mode, *fragsize* |
| - | should be set to zero. |
| + | *flags* must contain at least one flag indicating the type of the message. |
| + | To send a fragmented message consisting of multiple frames, additionally set |
| + | the *CURLWS_CONT* bit in all frames except the final one. |
| - | If **CURLWS_RAW_MODE** is enabled in CURLOPT_WS_OPTIONS(3), the |
| - | **flags** argument should be set to 0. |
| + | For more details on the supported flags see below and in curl_ws_meta(3). |
| - | To send a message consisting of multiple frames, set the *CURLWS_CONT* bit |
| - | in all frames except the final one. |
| + | If *CURLWS_RAW_MODE* is enabled in CURLOPT_WS_OPTIONS(3), the |
| + | *flags* argument should be set to 0. |
| Warning: while it is possible to invoke this function from a callback, | |
| such a call is blocking in this situation, e.g. only returns after all data | |
| @@ -57,39 +62,15 @@ has been sent or an error is encountered. | |
| # FLAGS | |
| - | ## CURLWS_TEXT |
| - | |
| - | The buffer contains text data. Note that this makes a difference to WebSocket |
| - | but libcurl itself does not make any verification of the content or |
| - | precautions that you actually send valid UTF-8 content. |
| - | |
| - | ## CURLWS_BINARY |
| - | |
| - | This is binary data. |
| - | |
| - | ## CURLWS_CONT |
| - | |
| - | This is not the final fragment of the message, which implies that there is |
| - | another fragment coming as part of the same message where this bit is not set. |
| - | |
| - | ## CURLWS_CLOSE |
| - | |
| - | Close this transfer. |
| - | |
| - | ## CURLWS_PING |
| - | |
| - | This is a ping. |
| - | |
| - | ## CURLWS_PONG |
| - | |
| - | This is a pong. |
| + | Supports all flags documented in curl_ws_meta(3) and additionally the following |
| + | flags. |
| ## CURLWS_OFFSET | |
| - | The provided data is only a partial fragment and there is more coming in a |
| + | The provided data is only a partial frame and there is more coming in a |
| following call to *curl_ws_send()*. When sending only a piece of the | |
| - | fragment like this, the *fragsize* must be provided with the total |
| - | expected fragment size in the first call and it needs to be zero in subsequent |
| + | frame like this, the *fragsize* must be provided with the total |
| + | expected frame size in the first call and must be zero in all subsequent |
| calls. | |
| # %PROTOCOLS% | |
| @@ -99,18 +80,34 @@ calls. | |
| ~~~c | |
| #include <string.h> /* for strlen */ | |
| - | const char *send_payload = "magic"; |
| - | |
| int main(void) | |
| { | |
| - | size_t sent; |
| - | CURLcode res; |
| + | const char *buffer = "PAYLOAD"; |
| + | size_t offset = 0; |
| + | CURLcode res = CURLE_OK; |
| CURL *curl = curl_easy_init(); | |
| + | |
| curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "wss://example.com/"); | |
| curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY, 2L); | |
| + | /* start HTTPS connection and upgrade to WSS, then return control */ |
| curl_easy_perform(curl); | |
| - | res = curl_ws_send(curl, send_payload, strlen(send_payload), &sent, 0, |
| - | CURLWS_PING); |
| + | |
| + | while(!res) { |
| + | size_t sent; |
| + | res = curl_ws_send(curl, buffer + offset, strlen(buffer) - offset, &sent, |
| + | 0, CURLWS_TEXT); |
| + | offset += sent; |
| + | |
| + | if(res == CURLE_OK) { |
| + | if(offset == strlen(buffer)) |
| + | break; /* finished sending */ |
| + | } |
| + | |
| + | if(res == CURLE_AGAIN) |
| + | /* in real application: wait for socket here, e.g. using select() */ |
| + | res = CURLE_OK; |
| + | } |
| + | |
| curl_easy_cleanup(curl); | |
| return (int)res; | |
| } | |
| @@ -126,3 +123,10 @@ CURLE_OK (0) means everything was OK, non-zero means an error occurred, see | |
| libcurl-errors(3). If CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER(3) was set with curl_easy_setopt(3) | |
| there can be an error message stored in the error buffer when non-zero is | |
| returned. | |
| + | |
| + | Instead of blocking, the function returns **CURLE_AGAIN**. The correct |
| + | behavior is then to wait for the socket to signal readability before calling |
| + | this function again. |
| + | |
| + | Any other non-zero return value indicates an error. See the libcurl-errors(3) |
| + | man page for the full list with descriptions. |
| @@ -47,44 +47,48 @@ WebSocket" request header field. When the upgrade is accepted by the server, | |
| it responds with a 101 Switching and then the client can speak WebSocket with | |
| the server. The communication can happen in both directions at the same time. | |
| - | # MESSAGES |
| - | |
| - | WebSocket communication is message based. That means that both ends send and |
| - | receive entire messages, not streams like TCP. A WebSocket message is sent |
| - | over the wire in one or more frames. Each frame in a message can have a size |
| - | up to 2^63 bytes. |
| - | |
| - | libcurl delivers WebSocket data as frame fragments. It might send a whole |
| - | frame, but it might also deliver them in pieces depending on size and network |
| - | patterns. It makes sure to provide the API user about the exact specifics |
| - | about the fragment: type, offset, size and how much data there is pending to |
| - | arrive for the same frame. |
| + | # EXTENSIONS |
| - | A message has an unknown size until the last frame header for the message has |
| - | been received since only frames have set sizes. |
| + | The WebSocket protocol allows the client to request and negotiate *extensions* |
| + | can add additional features and restrictions to the protocol. |
| - | # Raw mode |
| + | libcurl does not support the use of extensions and always sets up a connection |
| + | without them. |
| - | libcurl can be told to speak WebSocket in "raw mode" by setting the |
| - | **CURLWS_RAW_MODE** bit to the CURLOPT_WS_OPTIONS(3) option. |
| - | |
| - | Raw WebSocket means that libcurl passes on the data from the network without |
| - | parsing it leaving that entirely to the application. This mode assumes that |
| - | the user of this knows WebSocket and can parse and figure out the data all by |
| - | itself. |
| + | # MESSAGES |
| - | This mode is intended for applications that already have a WebSocket |
| - | parser/engine that want to switch over to use libcurl for enabling WebSocket, |
| - | and keep parts of the existing software architecture. |
| + | WebSocket communication is message based. That means that both ends send and |
| + | receive entire messages, not streams like TCP. A WebSocket message is sent |
| + | over the wire in one or more frames. A message which is split into several |
| + | frames is referred to as a *fragmented* message and the individual frames are |
| + | called *fragments*. Each frame (or fragment) in a message can have a size of |
| + | up to 2^63 bytes and declares the frame size in the header. The total size of |
| + | a message that is fragmented into multiple frames is not limited by the |
| + | protocol and the number of fragments is not known until the final fragment is |
| + | received. |
| + | |
| + | Transmission of a frame must not be interrupted by any other data transfers and |
| + | transmission of the different fragments of a message must not be interrupted by |
| + | other user data frames. Control frames - PING, PONG and CLOSE - may be |
| + | transmitted in between any other two frames, even in between two fragments of |
| + | the same user data message. The control frames themselves on the other hand |
| + | must never be fragmented and are limited to a size of 125 bytes. |
| + | |
| + | libcurl delivers WebSocket data as chunks of frames. It might deliver a whole |
| + | frame as a single chunk, but it might also deliver it in several pieces |
| + | depending on size and network patterns. See the individual API documentations |
| + | for further information. |
| # PING | |
| WebSocket is designed to allow long-lived sessions and in order to keep the | |
| connections alive, both ends can send PING messages for the other end to | |
| - | respond with a PONG. |
| + | respond with a PONG. Both ends may also send unsolicited PONG messages as |
| + | unidirectional heartbeat. |
| - | libcurl automatically responds to server PING messages with a PONG. It does |
| - | not send any PING messages automatically. |
| + | libcurl automatically responds to server PING messages with a PONG that echoes |
| + | the payload of the PING message. libcurl does neither send any PING messages |
| + | nor any unsolicited PONG messages automatically. |
| # MODELS | |
| @@ -92,26 +96,40 @@ Because of the many different ways WebSocket can be used, which is much more | |
| flexible than limited to plain downloads or uploads, libcurl offers two | |
| different API models to use it: | |
| - | 1. Using a write callback with CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION(3) much like other |
| + | 1. CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION model: |
| + | Using a write callback with CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION(3) much like other |
| downloads for when the traffic is download oriented. | |
| - | 2. Using CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY(3) and use the WebSocket recv/send |
| - | functions. |
| + | 2. CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY model: |
| + | Using curl_ws_recv(3) and curl_ws_send(3) functions. |
| + | |
| + | ## CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION MODEL |
| + | |
| + | CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY(3) must be unset or **0L** for this model to take effect. |
| + | |
| + | curl_easy_perform(3) establishes and sets up the WebSocket communication and |
| + | then blocks for the whole duration of the connection. libcurl calls the |
| + | callback configured in CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION(3), whenever an incoming chunk |
| + | of WebSocket data is received. The callback is handed a pointer to the payload |
| + | data as an argument and can call curl_ws_meta(3) to get relevant metadata. |
| - | # Callback model |
| + | ## CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY MODEL |
| - | When a write callback is set and a WebSocket transfer is performed, the |
| - | callback is called to deliver all WebSocket data that arrives. |
| + | CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY(3) must be **2L** for this model to take effect. |
| - | The callback can then call curl_ws_meta(3) to learn about the details of |
| - | the incoming data fragment. |
| + | curl_easy_perform(3) only establishes and sets up the WebSocket communication |
| + | and then returns control back to the application. The application can then use |
| + | curl_ws_recv(3) and curl_ws_send(3) to exchange WebSocket messages with the |
| + | server. |
| - | # CONNECT_ONLY model |
| + | # RAW MODE |
| - | By setting CURLOPT_CONNECT_ONLY(3) to **2L**, the transfer only |
| - | establishes and setups the WebSocket communication and then returns control |
| - | back to the application. |
| + | libcurl can be told to speak WebSocket in "raw mode" by setting the |
| + | **CURLWS_RAW_MODE** bit of the CURLOPT_WS_OPTIONS(3) option. |
| + | |
| + | Raw WebSocket means that libcurl passes on the data from the network without |
| + | parsing it, leaving that entirely to the application. |
| - | Once such a setup has been successfully performed, the application can proceed |
| - | and use curl_ws_recv(3) and curl_ws_send(3) freely to exchange |
| - | WebSocket messages with the server. |
| + | This mode is intended for applications that already have a WebSocket |
| + | parser/engine and want to switch over to use libcurl for enabling WebSocket, |
| + | and keep parts of the existing software architecture. |